Application & Flow
Sizing Results
Required Face Area
ft²
Required Area
in²
Recommended Size
inches
Actual Face Velocity
FPM
Standard Grille Sizes — CFM Capacity at Various Face Velocities
Size (W×H in)Net Area (ft²)CFM @ 400 FPMCFM @ 500 FPMCFM @ 600 FPMCFM @ 750 FPMYour CFM
Net free area is approximately 70% of gross face area for typical bar grilles. Ceiling diffusers vary by manufacturer — consult product data for Ak factor. Face velocity above 600 FPM may cause noise in occupied spaces (NC > 35).
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About This Calculator

This grille and register sizing calculator turns a design airflow and a target face velocity into a recommended grille size for supply ceiling diffusers, sidewall registers, return grilles, and exhaust or transfer grilles. Enter the CFM and pick the application; the tool shows the recommended ASHRAE face-velocity range, computes the required free area, and matches it against a table of standard grille sizes so you can see the CFM each size carries at common face velocities.

Face velocity is the lever that balances comfort, throw, and noise. Sizing too small drives velocity up and the grille becomes audible; sizing too large wastes wall or ceiling space and may short the throw. Working from a target velocity keeps every outlet inside a sensible acoustic band while still delivering the required air.

Formula & Method
Required free areaA (ft²) = Q (CFM) ÷ Vface (FPM)
In square inchesA (in²) = A (ft²) × 144
Net vs. grossAnet = Agross × 0.70  (typical bar grille)
Actual velocityVactual = Q (CFM) ÷ Anet (ft²)

The core relation is simply airflow divided by face velocity, with the 144 factor converting square feet to square inches. The 0.70 constant is the net-free-area fraction for a typical bar grille — only about 70% of the gross face is open after the bars and frame, so the gross size must be larger than the bare area suggests. Recommended face-velocity ranges and the net-area assumption follow standard ASHRAE / manufacturer grille-selection practice; confirm the published Ak factor for ceiling diffusers.

Frequently Asked Questions
How is grille size calculated from CFM and face velocity?
The required net free area equals the design airflow divided by the target face velocity: area in square feet equals CFM divided by FPM. The calculator multiplies that by 144 to express it in square inches, then matches it to standard grille sizes. Because catalog grilles are listed by their gross (overall) face dimensions, the tool applies a net-free-area factor so the selected grille passes the required flow at or below the target velocity.
What is net free area and why is it about 70% of the grille face?
Net free area is the open portion of the grille that air actually passes through, after the bars, blades, frame, and core obstruct part of the face. For typical bar grilles it is roughly 70 percent of the gross face area, which is the default this tool uses. Ceiling diffusers vary widely by model, so for those you should use the manufacturer's published Ak factor instead of the generic 70 percent assumption.
What face velocity should I target?
Typical targets are about 400 to 600 FPM for supply ceiling diffusers, 500 to 750 FPM for supply sidewall registers, and 400 to 500 FPM for return and exhaust grilles. Lower velocities are quieter; higher velocities throw air farther but add noise. Above roughly 600 FPM in occupied spaces the grille can become audible (NC above 35), so the tool flags the recommended range for the selected application.
Why is a return grille usually larger than the supply diffuser for the same CFM?
Return and exhaust grilles are typically sized for lower face velocities than supply outlets to keep them quiet, since they have no throw or spread requirement to satisfy. A lower target velocity for the same airflow yields a larger required free area, so the return grille comes out physically bigger than the supply diffuser handling the same CFM.
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Results are design estimates for preliminary sizing. Verify final designs against applicable codes and standards — engineering judgment and a licensed professional engineer’s review are required.