Psychrometric Calculator

Moist air properties — ASHRAE Fundamentals
Inputs

Second Condition
Results
Humidity Ratio
lb/lb dry air
Grains of Moisture
gr/lb dry air
Enthalpy
BTU/lb dry air
Specific Volume
ft³/lb dry air
Relative Humidity
%
Wet Bulb
°F
Dew Point
°F
Vapor Pressure
in. Hg
Baro. Pressure
psia

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About This Calculator

This psychrometric calculator returns the full moist-air state from just two known conditions: dry-bulb temperature plus relative humidity, wet bulb, or dew point. It reports humidity ratio (in lb/lb and grains per pound), enthalpy, specific volume, relative humidity, wet bulb, dew point, water-vapor pressure, and the barometric pressure used — everything you would otherwise read off a psychrometric chart.

Engineers use these properties to size cooling and heating coils, estimate latent versus sensible loads, check condensation risk, and design dehumidification and economizer sequences. Because the tool derives barometric pressure from your elevation, the results stay accurate at altitude where sea-level psychrometrics would over-predict density.

Formula & Method
Saturation pressurePws via Magnus / Buck form of T (°F → °C)
Humidity ratioW = 0.62198 · Pw ÷ (P − Pw)
Enthalpyh = 0.240 · T + W · (1061 + 0.444 · T)
Specific volumev = 0.3704 · (T + 460) · (1 + 1.6078 · W) ÷ P
Wet bulbSprung psychrometer relation, solved for Twb

The relations follow ASHRAE Fundamentals Chapter 1 (psychrometrics). Saturation vapor pressure Pws uses a Magnus-type (Buck) equation; vapor pressure is Pw = RH · Pws; humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume follow the standard moist-air formulas above. Barometric pressure P is computed from elevation using the standard atmosphere (14.696 psia at sea level), so density-dependent outputs are altitude-corrected. Dew point is found by inverting the saturation curve, and wet bulb by solving the Sprung relation numerically.

Frequently Asked Questions
What second condition should I enter — RH, wet bulb, or dew point?
Any one of them fixes the moist-air state when paired with dry bulb. Enter relative humidity if you have it from a space sensor, wet bulb if you are reading a sling psychrometer or sizing a cooling tower, or dew point if you care about condensation. The calculator solves for all the remaining properties from whichever pair you provide.
Does elevation change the results?
Yes. Barometric pressure falls with altitude, which lowers air density and raises humidity ratio and specific volume for the same dry bulb and RH. The tool derives barometric pressure from your elevation using the standard atmosphere, starting from 14.696 psia at sea level, so results are altitude-corrected rather than fixed to sea-level pressure.
Which equations does this calculator use?
Saturation pressure comes from a Magnus-type formula (the Buck equation), humidity ratio from W = 0.62198 times Pw divided by (P minus Pw), enthalpy from h = 0.240 times T plus W times (1061 plus 0.444 times T), and wet bulb is found from the Sprung psychrometer relation. These follow ASHRAE Fundamentals Chapter 1 psychrometrics.
What is the difference between humidity ratio and relative humidity?
Humidity ratio (also called W, in pounds of water per pound of dry air, or grains per pound) is the actual mass of moisture in the air and does not change as you heat or cool the air sensibly. Relative humidity is the ratio of vapor pressure to saturation pressure at the current temperature, so it rises as air cools even when the moisture content is unchanged.
Related Tools
Dew Point Calculator Wet Bulb / RH Humidity Ratio Enthalpy Calculator Coil Leaving Air
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Results are design estimates for preliminary sizing. Verify final designs against applicable codes and standards — engineering judgment and a licensed professional engineer’s review are required.